Happy birthday, Leo! - hope you enjoyed your treats today and enjoy the rest of your holiday 🙂
You will find that different foods effect different people in different ways, so I'm not at all surprised that you've found yourself over-estimating the insulin for some and under-estimating it for others. There are no hard and fast rules, just what works for you, which is why you need to keep testing to see how everything effects you personally.
With the finger-prick testing, it helps if you use both sides of all your fingers and thumbs in turn, if you're not already doing that - it doesn't need to be just the middle fingers, but it does need to be just the sides and not the pads.
I was told not to get new glasses for a few months after I was diagnosed, so apparently it can take as long as that for your vision to settle completely, don't worry. Mine took about 5-6 weeks, I think, and I've had no problems with it since (except it sometimes goes squiffy when my blood sugar is obviously plummeting or spiking - if I suddenly find I can't see the computer properly I know it's time to test my blood sugar (or clean my glasses!)!). But there was no permanent damage or anything like that.
It never hit me psychologically - I just got on with it, but then I was ill with something more serious already, so diabetes didn't seem a big deal in comparison: it is a secondary condition for me. I know a lot of people do find themselves in a grieving process for their old lives. But the more you learn about managing it, the easier it should be, and the more you can just get on with your life and not let it stop you doing anything you want to do 🙂