As someone who has turned their ankle and sprained it badly when wearing shoes, I aways wear boots when hiking on uneven ground.
And I guess that "uneven ground" part may be relevant here. Shoes may be more sticky but I would rather my weakened ankle has the support needed when traipsing over boulders when it may turn again.
I tried a stick (or two) for a couple of years to assist with my balance but ultimately, realised flailing my arms around for balance and having my hands free to catch me when I fall was preferable to working out what to do with the sticks when I clambered up a scree slope or anywhere that I needed to hold on.
I also focus on core strength when at the gym and, as a rock climber, it is natural to use my hands on steep inclines.
Interesting to read that our feet grow after the age of 50. Thankfully, I have not experienced that yet. I say "thankfully" because, with small feet, I can buy VAT-free children's shoes and socks. I guess the choice will be greater when I finally grow up.
The impact of the hiking on my blood sugars is "it depends". If I am uncomfortable (e.g. walking in the rain - i hate being wet, especially wet feet) or doing something especially strenuous like walking up a steep hill or along a narrow ridge, my levels rise. Walking along the flat, downhill or slight incline on a pleasant day, my levels will go down.