Hi,
As 'Cherrypie' says I live in France also and have had good care, but I have T1 and I know that there are differences.
Nevertheless, if your diabetes is recognised as an ALD (ie your medecin traitant has applied for 100% coverage for your diabetes) there is a list of the procedures you are entitled to.
http://www.has-sante.fr/portail/jcms/c_419389/ald-n8-diabete-de-type-2
You can ask your doctor for a referrel to a diabetologue, either one attatched to the local specialist hospital/maison/reseau du diabete . Pragmatically,, I think many T2s are treated by their medecin traitant unlesss they have problems.
Where I live all the diabetes services ie education and dietitition visits are organised through the hospital. I know of several T2s who see the same doctor as I at the hospital and who have had visits to the dietitian and have attended education courses. There are 'diabetes' nurses (well we have one)but she has have a different role to in the UK (she organises courses, runs the 'diabetes' ward and gives individual advice to people who are patients of docs at the hospital)
Podiatry is odd, the official advice in the ALD document is to show your feet to your medecin traitant at each visit, they should test your sensitivity with a monofiliment. You can get a referrel to a podiatrist, if it is prescribed by your GP then this would be covered.* Otherwise you would have to pay but at least a percentage, should be covered by your 'top-up' insurance. In my area there are also podiatrists associated with the local diabetes organisation and visits to them are subsidised (haven't used it so don't know how it works)
I found this site that might be of use it shows resources and courses available in Caen. Unfortunately, the site needs updating.
http://www.diab-caen.fr/index.html
If you aren't near Caen, there are other 'reseau' in Basse Normandie but they don't seem to have websites.
http://www.ancred.fr/les-reseaux.html
*That's new to me, before I understood you had to pay unless you had an ulcer, I found that on the leaflet here:
http://www.maison-diabete.info/documentation.php?dca_id=1